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Dr. William Boothe talks about Lasik Eye Surgery and eye problems
05/02/2011 20:10Informed Consent Form a document disclosing the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a procedure.
PRK: the acronym for photorefractive keratectomy which is a procedure involving the removal of the surface layer of the cornea (epithelium) by gentle scraping and use of a computer-controlled excimer laser to reshape the stroma.( - Dr Boothe)
Dr William Boothe: Keratitis: inflammation of the cornea.
LASIK: the acronym for laser assisted in situ keratomileusis which refers to creating a flap in the cornea with a microkeratome and using a laser to reshape the underlying cornea.
Dr Boothe
Optician: an expert in the art and science of making and fitting glasses and may also dispense contact lenses. ( Dr Boothe )
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Ablation zone: the area of tissue that is removed during laser surgery.
Dr William Boothe
Keratectomy: the surgical removal of corneal tissue.( Dr Boothe )
Dr Boothe: Astigmatism: a distortion of the image on the retina caused by irregularities in the cornea or lens.
Dr William Boothe: Higher order aberrations refractive errors, other than nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism, that cannot be corrected with glasses or contacts.
Dr Boothe
04/29/2011 18:28Glare: scatter from bright light that decreases vision.
Cornea: the clear, front part of the eye. The cornea is the first part of the eye that bends (or refracts) the light and provides most of the focusing power.( - Dr William Boothe)
Dr William Boothe: Dry Eye Syndrome: a common condition that occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears to keep the eye moist and comfortable. Common symptoms of dry eye include pain, stinging, burning, scratchiness, and intermittent blurring of vision.
Overcorrection: a complication of refractive surgery where the achieved amount of correction is more than desired.
Dr Boothe
Radial Keratotomy: commonly referred to as RK; a surgical procedure designed to correct myopia (nearsightedness) by flattening the cornea using radial cuts. ( Dr Boothe )
Endothelium: the inner layer of cells on the inside surface of the cornea.
Dr Boothe
Iris: the colored ring of tissue suspended behind the cornea and immediately in front of the lens.( Dr William Boothe )
Dr Boothe: Retina: a layer of fine sensory tissue that lines the inside wall of the eye. The retina acts like the film in a camera to capture images, transforms the images into electrical signals, and sends the signals to the brain.
Dr William Boothe: Informed Consent Form a document disclosing the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a procedure.
Dr. William Boothe Lasik article
11/09/2010 18:23RK (Radial Keratotomy) Surgical procedure where cuts are made in the cornea in a radial pattern, to flatten the cornea and correct myopia. However, RK now is virtually obsolete as a corrective eye procedure.
Staphylococcus: A group of bacteria that cause a multitude of diseases. Under a microscope, Staphylococcus bacteria are round and bunched together. They can cause illness directly by infection, or indirectly through products they make, such as the toxins responsible for food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. The best known member of the Staphylococcus family is Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus are the main culprit in hospital-acquired infections, and cause thousands of deaths every year.(04 May 2007 - Online press Dr. Boothe Laser Center )
Frequent replacement contact lenses Also called planned replacement. Technically, this is any contact lens that is thrown away after a moderately short period of time. Among most eye care practitioners, "disposable" usage ranges from one day to two weeks, while "frequent replacement" lenses are discarded monthly or quarterly.
Conjunctiva: A thin clear moist membrane that coats the inner surfaces of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eye.
Dacryocystitis Inflammation of the nasolacrimal (tear) sac, typically caused by dacryostenosis. Symptoms include discharge, a sticky eye, eye pain or discomfort, a red or pink eye, swelling around the eye and tearing.
Phytochemicals Chemicals found in plants that help protect against disease.Dr. Boothe Lasik
Meridian One of a number of radially arranged imaginary lines, each of which passes through the center of the pupil when viewing the eye head-on. Generally separated in one-degree increments, meridians are used to determine the location of the most- and least-curved sections of the cornea when prescribing lenses with cylinder power to correct astigmatism. Meridians are also used to describe the shape of corrective lenses.
Seborrheic dermatitis Skin condition that causes scales, redness and itching; it commonly affects the scalp (dandruff), eyebrows, eyelids, nose, area behind the ears and sternum. It is associated with seborrheic blepharitis. (19 December 2009 Dr. William Boothe Dallas )
Dr. William Boothe Lasik article
Choroid Layers of blood vessels located between the sclera (white of the eye) and the retina; they provide nourishment to the back area of the eye.
Enzymatic cleaner A cleaner that removes protein deposits and other debris from contact lenses. It's recommended for use either daily, weekly, or monthly. Some enzymatic cleaners are a small tablet dropped into a solution along with the lens; others come in liquid form.( 23 August 2008 Online blog Dr. Boothe Lasik )
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09/21/2010 12:32Beta blocker Drug that widens or dilates blood vessels, thus enabling more normal flow of blood. Topical beta blockers applied as eye drops also can lessen fluid production and lower internal eye pressure (intraocular pressure) in eye diseases such as glaucoma to reduce the possibility of optic nerve damage. Beta blockers also are used to control high blood pressure (hypertension). Side effects can include respiratory problems.
Cornea The clear part of the eye covering the iris and pupil; it lets light into the eye, permitting sight.(15 February 2008 - Online press Boothe Eye Care )
Allergy Reaction of the body's immune system to a foreign substance (e.g., pollen, animal dander, etc.). When the eyes are affected, the most common symptoms are redness, itching, chemosis, tearing, swollen eyelids and stickiness. Read more about allergies and the eyes.
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis Rare, hereditary, degenerative disease in which the body does not store pigments called lipofuscins properly; the disease is characterized by vision loss, seizures and dementia. Types include Santavuori-Haltia (infantile), Jansky-Bielschowsky (late infantile), Spielmeyer-Vogt (juvenile) and Kufs' disease (adult). Some types may also be called Batten disease.
Central serous retinopathy Disorder in which fluid collects under the central retina (macular area) and disrupts central vision. The cause is unknown. Symptoms include blurred central vision and metamorphopsia. Some patients also develop floaters.
Presbyope Person who has difficulty reading print and seeing near objects.Dr. William Boothe Lasik
Internal medicine: A medical specialty dedicated to the diagnosis and medical treatment of adults. A physician who specializes in internal medicine is referred to as an internist. A minimum of seven years of medical school and postgraduate training are focused on learning the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of adults. Subspecialties of internal medicine include allergy and immunology, cardiology (heart), endocrinology (hormone disorders), hematology (blood disorders), infectious diseases, gastroenterology (diseases of the gut), nephrology (kidney diseases), oncology (cancer), pulmonology (lung disorders), and rheumatology (arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders).
Solution Product used to clean, disinfect and store contact lenses. (28 March 2007 Dr. Boothe Lasik )
Dr. William Boothe article
Liver spot Benign dark spot on the skin, usually brown, that is associated with exposure to sunlight. Liver spots tend to increase in size.
Blepharospasm Involuntary increased blinking that progresses to spasms in both eyes. The exact cause is unknown, but doctors believe it to be a central nervous system disorder. It can produce a functional blindness since the patient can't open his or her eyes long enough to function visually.( 26 May 2010 Online article Boothe Eye Center )
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07/19/2010 13:34Contact lens drops Eyedrops for contact lens wearers; regular eyedrops can discolor contact lenses.
Spots Small, cloudy specks in the eye that become noticeable when they fall in the line of sight. Read our spots and floaters article.(17 July 2008 - Blog article Dr. Boothe Dallas )
Bulbar conjunctiva: That part of the conjunctiva, a clear membrane of the eye, which covers the outer surface of the eye.
Zeaxanthin A pigmented substance (carotenoid) found in yellow or orange plants, such as corn and squash, or in dark green, leafy vegetables. Zeaxanthin is being investigated for a possible association with promoting healthy vision. [Read more about zeaxanthin.]
Ocular hypertension Condition in which the intraocular pressure of the eye is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.
Corneal opacity A cloudy spot in the cornea, which is normally transparent. Causes include corneal scar tissue and infection. Symptoms include halos around lights, photophobia, vision loss and a white or cloudy spot on the eye.Boothe Eye Center
AMD or ARMD (age-related macular degeneration) Disorder characterized by the gradual loss of central vision due to a damaged macula (which is made up of retinal cones necessary for sight). Read more about macular degeneration.
20/20 vision Many eye care practitioners consider this the average visual acuity for human beings, but humans can see as well as 20/15 or even 20/10. People with 20/40 vision can see clearly at 20 feet what people with 20/20 vision can see clearly at 40 feet. In most of the United States, 20/40 is the lowest uncorrected acuity required for a driver's license. (07 November 2007 Dr. William Boothe Lasik )
Boothe Eye Care article
Condition: The term "condition" has a number of biomedical meanings including the following:
1. An unhealthy state, such as in "this is a progressive condition."
2. A state of fitness, such as "getting into condition."
3. Something that is essential to the occurrence of something else; essentially a "precondition."
4. As a verb: to cause a change in something so that a response that was previously associated with a certain stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus; to condition a person, as in behavioral conditioning.
Esotropia When one or both eyes point inward, so the eyes are "crossed." This is one type of strabismus.( 04 July 2009 Online blog Dr. Boothe Laser Center )
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07/19/2010 13:29Suspensory ligament Also called zonule of Zinn. Membrane of fibers (zonules) that holds the eye's lens in place.
Bacteria: Single-celled microorganisms which can exist either as independent (free-living) organisms or as parasites (dependent upon another organism for life).(27 February 2010 - Online press article Dr. William Boothe )
FDA (Food & Drug Administration) A U.S. government body that oversees medical devices and medications, including contact lenses, intraocular lenses, excimer lasers and eye drops. In the United States, these products must be approved by the FDA before they can be marketed.
Iris A pigmented membrane that lies between the cornea and the lens; it acts as a diaphragm to widen or narrow the opening called the pupil, thereby controlling the amount of light that enters the eye.
Corneal abrasion A loss of the epithelial layer of the cornea, typically due to minor trauma (contact lens trauma, a sports injury, dirt or another foreign body, etc.). Symptoms include blurred vision, foreign body sensation, grittiness, light sensitivity, eye pain or discomfort, a red or pink eye and tearing.
Macular edema Swelling of the central portion of the retina (macula), due to buildup of fluid leaking from retinal blood vessels. Causes temporary or permanent vision loss if untreated.Boothe Eye Care
Vascular birthmark A pink, red or purple mark (flat or slightly raised), typically on an infant's face or neck, caused by a malformation of blood vessels. Types of vascular birthmarks include capillary hemangiomas ("stork bites" or "angel's kisses") and port-wine stains.
Photokeratitis "Sunburn" of the cornea; symptoms include discomfort, blurred vision, and light sensitivity. The temporary vision loss that can result is called "snow blindness." (08 November 2009 Dr. Boothe )
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Anisometropia Condition where the eyes have a significantly different refractive power from each other, so the prescription required for good vision will be different for each eye.
Neuroretinitis Inflammation of the optic nerve and retina, commonly caused by an infection. Symptoms include blurred vision, headache, floaters, eye pain or discomfort, vision loss and loss of color vision.( 22 September 2009 Online article Dr. William Boothe Lasik )
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07/19/2010 13:25Myelin A sheath made of proteins that covers nerve fibers. Myelin is essential to transmission of nerve impulses carrying information to and from various parts of the body. When myelin is destroyed or damaged in the optic nerve, the result is optic neuritis, with vision loss or distortions.
Cone A photosensitive receptor in the retina that helps you to see color.(16 January 2008 - Press article Dr. Boothe Dallas )
Puncta Tiny openings through which tears drain away from the eyes. Four puncta are in the nasal corner of the eye — two in the upper inner eyelid and two in the lower inner eyelid. Punctal plugs sometimes are used to block these openings so that more tears are retained as a treatment for dry eye syndrome.
Aberrometer A device that can identify common and more obscure vision errors by measuring the way light waves travel through the eye's optical system.
Color blindness Partial or total inability to distinguish specific colors. Color blindness is inherited, and is much more common in men than in women.
Contrast sensitivity The ability of the eye to detect the line of demarcation between an object and its background or an adjacent object.Boothe Laser Center
Aviator glasses These frames have a large upside-down teardrop shape and usually have a double-bar bridge. Originally, these were metal-framed sunglasses worn mainly by pilots, but now the shape also comes in plastic and is used for eyeglasses as well.
Acetate Type of plastic often used in eyeglass frames. (27 November 2008 Boothe Eye Care )
Dr. Boothe Laser Center article
OU Abbreviation for "oculus uterque," the Latin term for "each eye," used in vision correction prescriptions to indicate both eyes. Also an abbreviation for "oculi unitas" or "oculi uniter," meaning both eyes working simultaneously together.
Conjunctivitis Inflammation of the conjunctiva, characterized by a pink eye. The cause is either infectious or allergic, though the term "pink eye" is commonly used for any type of conjunctivitis. Other symptoms include burning, discharge, dryness, itching, light sensitivity, eye pain or discomfort, stickiness, tearing and chemosis.( 20 May 2010 Online blog Dr. Boothe )
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07/19/2010 13:16Myasthenia gravis Weakness of the voluntary muscles, believed to be autoimmune in nature. Symptoms include double vision and eyelid ptosis; patients sometimes have non-eye symptoms as well, such as difficulty swallowing or using the arms and legs.
Xanthelasma A yellow, fatty spot or bump on the inner corner of either the upper eyelid, the lower one or both eyelids, often caused by a lipid disorder such as high cholesterol.(01 August 2009 - Online press article Dr. William Boothe Lasik )
Trauma Injury, such as from being poked in the eye or hit in the head. Depending on the type of trauma, symptoms can include blurred vision, a bulging eye, burning, double vision, dry eyes, floaters, light sensitivity, pain or discomfort of the eye or around the eye, swelling, a pupil that is dilated or unresponsive to light, vision loss, limited eye or lid movement, ptosis, an iris defect and an eyelid cleft.
Presbyopia Condition in which the aging eye beginning at around age 40 is unable to focus at all distances, often noticed when print begins to blur. Additional symptoms include eyestrain, headaches, and squinting. Read our article about presbyopia.
Monochromatic Refers to one wavelength of light, as opposed to the many wavelengths of light found in varying colors.
Gland: 1. A group of cells that secrete a substance for use in the body. For example, the thyroid gland. 2. A group of cells that removes materials from the circulation. For example, a lymph gland.Dr. Boothe Laser Center
Ophthalmologist A medical doctor (MD) who specializes in the eye. Ophthalmologists perform eye exams, treat disease, prescribe medication, and perform surgery. They may also write prescriptions for eyeglasses and contact lenses.
Cerebral cortex Outer portion of the brain where complex functions including certain vision processes take place. (09 January 2007 Dr. Boothe )
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Photopsia Flashes of light often noticed in the edges of the visual field. Photopsia can have many causes, including mechanical (rather than visual) stimulation of light-sensitive cells (photoreceptors) in the retina. For example, a detached retina can cause photopsia when the retina pulls away or detaches from tissue in the inner back of the eye. A vitreous detachment with accompanying photopsia can occur when the eye's gel-like interior begins to shrink and pull against the retina. Photopsia can be accompanied by a shower of spots and floaters.
Cable temple Style of eyeglasses that wraps around the ear, to keep them well-fastened.( 01 September 2007 Blog article Dr. Boothe Laser Center )
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Dr. William Boothe Eye Care article: 20/20 vision
07/16/2010 11:32Double vision Also called diplopia. When two images of the same object are perceived by one or both eyes. Read our article on double vision and also review eye symptoms for a list of conditions that can cause double vision.
20/20 vision Many eye care practitioners consider this the average visual acuity for human beings, but humans can see as well as 20/15 or even 20/10. People with 20/40 vision can see clearly at 20 feet what people with 20/20 vision can see clearly at 40 feet. In most of the United States, 20/40 is the lowest uncorrected acuity required for a driver's license.(08 June 2008 - Press article Dr. Boothe Lasik )
Albinism Condition where a person or animal lacks pigment. Albinos' eyes often have very light blue or pink irises and a pink pupil (due to lack of pigment inside the back of the eye). Visual symptoms include light sensitivity, nystagmus, blurred vision, vision loss and strabismus.
Asteroid hyalosis A benign condition that creates suspended particles within the eye's interior, observable by an eye doctor during an exam. Floaters are not usually associated. These yellowish particles made of fats (lipids) rarely interfere with vision or cause symptoms. The particles move within the eye's gel-like vitreous and resemble stars at night. The condition is not well understood, but appears associated with aging.
* Asymmetry: one half does not match the other.
* Border: irregular or scalloped.
* Color: varies in shade or color.
* Diameter: larger than that of a pencil eraser.
Histamine: Substance that plays a major role in many allergic reactions. Histamine dilates blood vessels and makes the vessel walls abnormally permeable.Dr. William Boothe Dallas
Bulbar: Pertaining to a bulb, in medicine any rounded mass of tissue (that is shaped somewhat like a crocus or tulip bulb).
Myopia Also called nearsightedness. Condition in which the length of the eye is too long, causing light rays to focus in front of the retina rather than on it, resulting in blurred distance vision. Additional symptoms include eyestrain, poor night vision and squinting. (14 April 2010 Boothe Eye Center )
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Meibomian gland Gland found in the eyelid that produces the oily outer layer of the three-layer tear film that lubricates the eye.
Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) The best vision you can achieve with correction (such as glasses), as measured on the standard Snellen eye chart. For example, if your uncorrected eyesight is 20/200, but you can see 20/20 with glasses, your BCVA is 20/20.( 24 May 2009 Online press Boothe Laser Center )
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Ptosis Drooping eyelid
07/16/2010 11:32LASEK (Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis) Procedure that is similar to LASIK, except that the surgeon cuts a flap in the epithelium only, instead of through the epithelium and part of the stroma. LASEK is used mostly for people with thin or flat corneas who are poor candidates for LASIK, which requires more corneal tissue for success.
Excimer laser An instrument that uses shorter wave (ultraviolet) light to vaporize and remove tissue from the eye's surface during vision correction procedures.(14 November 2009 - Online press Dr. William Boothe )
Iritis Inflammation of the iris.
Myopia Also called nearsightedness. Condition in which the length of the eye is too long, causing light rays to focus in front of the retina rather than on it, resulting in blurred distance vision. Additional symptoms include eyestrain, poor night vision and squinting.
Sebum: An oily secretion of the sebaceous gland which helps to preserve the flexibility of the hair.
Hyperopia Also called farsightedness. Condition in which the length of the eye is too short, causing light rays to focus behind the retina rather than on it, resulting in blurred near vision. Additional symptoms include eyestrain and squinting.Boothe Laser Center
Corneal opacity A cloudy spot in the cornea, which is normally transparent. Causes include corneal scar tissue and infection. Symptoms include halos around lights, photophobia, vision loss and a white or cloudy spot on the eye.
Ptosis Drooping eyelid. Congenital ptosis is caused by a problem with the levator muscle (which lifts the eyelid). In adults, ptosis is commonly caused by the aging of the levator's connective tissue. (04 October 2008 Boothe Eye Care )
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Scrubs: A protective garment designed to be worn by the doctor, nurse, and others in the operating room. The garment was originally a gown. Scrubs now include the shirt and pants worn by those who scrub in for surgery.
Higher-order aberration Irregularity of the eye other than a refractive error (myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism). Higher-order aberrations sometimes affect your vision (such as decreasing contrast sensitivity), and sometimes do not. For more information, please see our higher-order aberration article.( 23 January 2010 Online blog Boothe Eye Center )
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